Funding, Credit, Investments -- Economical Categories
Scientific works in the theories of finances and credit, according to be able to the specification of the research object, will be characterized to get many-sided and many-leveled.
The definition of wholeness with the economical associations formed in the particular process of development, distribution and use of finances, as cash sources is widely spread. For example, in "the general theory of finances" you will find two explanations of finances:
1) "... Finances indicate economical relations, formation with the funds associated with money sources, inside the process of distribution and répartition of national invoices based on the distribution plus usage". This description is given relatively to the conditions associated with Capitalism, when cash-commodity relations gain widespread character;
2) "Finances represent the formation involving centralized ad decentralized money sources, inexpensive relations relatively with the distribution plus usage, which serve for fulfillment from the state functions and obligations and in addition provision of typically the conditions from the widened further production". This definition is introduced without showing typically the environment of the action. We discuss partly such description of finances plus think expedient to be able to make some specification.
First, finances overcome the bounds associated with distribution and partage service in the nationwide income, though it is a standard foundation of finances. Likewise, formation and consumption of the depreciation fund which is the particular part of financial domain, belongs certainly not to the circulation and redistribution regarding the national earnings (of newly produced value during the year), but to typically the distribution of previously developed value.
This particular latest first shows up to be the part of value of main industrial money, later it will be relocated to the cost price of an all sety product (that is always to the value too) and after its realization, plus its set typically the depression fund. Taxation Its source is obtained into account before hand as a major depression kind in the consistence from the ready products price range.
2nd, main goal of finances is much wider then "fulfillment with the state features and obligations and even provision of conditions to the widened more production". Finances are present around the state levels and in addition on the manufactures and branches' level too, plus in such circumstances, when the most part of the manufactures will be not state.
V. M. Rodionova has a different placement about this issue: "real formation of the financial resources begins on the period of distribution, when the value is noticed and concrete cost-effective forms of the particular realized value will be separated from typically the consistence with the profit". V. M. Rodionova makes an emphasis of finances, since distributing relations, any time D. S. Moliakov underlines industrial base of finances.
Even though both of them give quite verify discussion of money, as a technique of formation, circulation and using typically the funds of money sources, that comes out of the following definition of the finances: "financial cash relations, which forms in typically the process of circulation and redistribution associated with the partial associated with the national prosperity and total interpersonal product, is related to the subjects regarding the economy and formation and utilization of the state cash incomes and savings in the widened further production, in the stuff stimulation of typically the workers for pleasure in the society interpersonal as well as other requests".
Within the manuals associated with the political economy we meet along with the following definitions involving finances:
"Finances of the socialistic express represent economical (cash) relations, by using which usually, in the way of planned circulation of the earnings and savings typically the funds of funds options for the state and socialistic companies are formed with regard to guaranteeing the growth regarding the production, increasing the material and cultural level involving the people and then for satisfying other general society requests".
"The system of generation and usage of necessary funds of cash resources regarding guarantying socialistic increased further production represent exactly the finances associated with the socialistic culture. And the totality of economical contact arisen between state, manufactures and companies, branches, regions plus separate citizen based on the movement of money funds make economical relations".
As we have seen, definitions regarding finances made by simply financiers and political economists usually do not differ greatly.